Struggles During The 19th Century - 914 Words

Struggles during the 19th century between social classes over differences in private enterprise and property ownership, became a driving force for changes and reform in Modern Industrial society. Historically, conflict outcomes generally favored the Bourgeoisie, or middle class, over the Proletariats, the working class, during this time in Western Civilization. However, an advancing group of socialists, began referring to themselves as communists, and â€Å"advocated the abolition of private property in favor of communal, collective ownership†, promoting the Marxist revolt led by the Proletariats to eliminate private ownership and social classes altogether. (Hunt et. al., 2012, 707). The Communist Manifesto, published in the name of the Communist League, reflected these and other political ideals, relationships between social classes, and guidelines for the revolution with a fundamental set of principles. Emerging from the cultivation of ideas from the advanced socialist gr oup was Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who organized the Communist League, and also wrote and published The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Marx and Engels insisted that â€Å"all history is shaped by class struggle and that in future revolutions the working class would overthrow the bourgeoisie, or middle class, and replace capitalism and private property with a communist state in which all property is collectively rather than individually owned.†(Hunt et. al., 2012, 708). The Manifesto seems to argue thatShow MoreRelatedWomen Struggles During The 19th Century923 Words   |  4 PagesLabarron Collins Professor Griffin ENG 251- 02 25 September 2014 Women Struggles in the 19th Century Since the beginning of time women have struggled to prove themselves to society so that people understand they are just as good as men. However, society has made a mockery of women for years. Using women for sex appeal and for personal gains. Women were those who stayed home cleaning, took care of the children, and prepared meals for the family. This sounds quite familiar with today’s society, butRead MoreThe And Long Struggle For Power During 19th Century Europe1005 Words   |  5 PagesMuch of Europe placed effort into their quest for global influence, and subsequently, domination in the 18th century. However, like many things in life, it was not an easy feat. They constantly faced challenges from diplomatic agreements and peaceful negotiation for rights in both foreign and domestic forces. Also, with new territory came struggles with the native people and their consequent allies. Finally, we must also take into consideration the facts that there were foreign nations invol ved.Read MoreKarl Marx s Theories During The Industrial Revolution1662 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 19th century, Europe underwent political and economic change resulting in a shift from craft production to factory work. This was a time known as the Industrial Revolution, in which class division and wage labor were the most foregrounded aspects of society (Poynton). Karl Marx’s theories during this time gave way to new perspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century exposeRead MoreWomen s Struggle For Equal Rights860 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Unfortunately, Women did not claim any rights during this time, but the women of the French Revolution and the activities they were implicated in heavily influenced the movement and struggle for equal rights. Their March on Versailles, their political clubs and pamphlets, and the prominent women political figures we re vital assets that influenced the struggle and movement for equal rights during the 19th and 20th century in France. 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In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support theRead MoreDemocratization Of The United States936 Words   |   4 Pagesdevelopment process. Evolution of American citizens the right to vote, can be divided into three stages: the strict restrictions on colonial suffrage, universal suffrage established in the 19th century period, extension of the suffrage of the 20th century. The first stage is Restricted colonial suffrage. During the early state of the colonial, the population was small, and needed the revitalization of the colony, they established a new authority. So the early colonies did not to restrict the rightRead MoreWomen s Rights Movement And The Demand For Women Suffrage1650 Words   |  7 Pageshalf of the 19th century from a variety of other movements. A major goal of the woman s rights movement was to change public opinion regarding women s capacities and rights. Suffrage was one of several reforms intended to end the significant legal, political, religious, and cultural discriminations against nineteenth century women. Suffrage became the primary goal of the woman s rights movement during the 1850s and remained so until women finally achieved the right to vote in 1920.During 20th centuryRead MoreFeminism And The American Equal Rights Association1550 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the late 19th and early 20th century in America, the rise o f Feminism challenged the traditional gender roles. The female authors of this time period represented realistic aspects of women’s struggles, which often reflected limitations from society and their own lives. The three female authors who advocated women’s struggles in their writings were Sojourner Truth, Willa Cather, and Edith Wharton. In the speech to the American Equal Rights Association, Truth reveals that women do not have rightsRead MoreThe Movie Les Miserables ( 2012, United Kingdom )1110 Words   |  5 Pages To make up for it, he adopts Fantine’s daughter Cosette offering to take care of her. When Cosette matures, they end up being embroiled in the political unrest that took place during the 1832 Paris Uprising. The film is bordered around the themes of love and compassion, social injustice in France during the 19th century as well as the long term impacts experienced in the French society as a result of the French Revolution. The director’s assertion on the theme of love and compassion is seen through

Organizational Adoption Of Social Media - 1817 Words

Summary The article review is for the research paper named Organizational Adoption of Social Media in the USA: A Mixed Method Approach, written by Ivan Alfaro, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya and Mary Beth Watson from the department of Information and Decision Sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago. The literature reviews that the authors have referenced have mainly focused on how organizations are using social media technologies to interact with its customers and other stakeholders. The paper focuses on the in-depth and different functional areas business organizations use social media tools to take their competitive advantage a step further. The adoption of Information Technology techniques should bring IT value to the organizations. Organizations should adopt a new technology to support key activities in the firm’s value chain. Organizations need to maintain an adequate IT infrastructure. This includes supporting the current technological platform, as well as proactively search ing for ways to embrace new IT innovations or exploit existing IT resources to create new business opportunities. The firm should develop a clear strategic vision for the role that the adopted technology will play on the organization. The research uses a Mixed Method Approach that combines data mining, context analysis techniques and text mining algorithms to examine the adoption of social media across multiple industries. The research paper is unique, as it not only focuses on how businessesShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Technology1265 Words   |  6 Pagesany context and its constructs focus on the characteristics of the innovations, UTAUT pays attention to new technologies in an organizational setting and its constructs place more emphasis on a user’s perception and expectation of the technologies. 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Nine out of 12 interview participants agreed that most stakeholders would prefer social media for an organization’sRead MoreWhat Is Social Media?1671 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Social Media? In the 2010 book, Social Media for Trainers, Jane Bozarth defines social media as referring to material produced online by individuals and â€Å"the public,† distinctive from â€Å"content produced by professional writers, journalists, or generated by the industrial or mass media† (p. 11). Blogs, Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Twitter, LinkedIn, and TeacherTube are a few of examples of social media technologies Bozarth discusses that â€Å"the public† could utilize to produce social media. EachRead MoreEssay on Social Business Case Study1131 Words   |  5 PagesShould Companies Embrace Social Business Managing Info Tech Across the Global Enterprise Shantel Watkins swatkins8512@monroecollege.edu Identify the management, organization, and technology factors responsible for slow adoption rates of internal corporate networks. While social media is becoming a platform for businesses and corporations to communicate with their consumers and employees within their organization it is the same medium which can damage and cause problems and confusion forRead MoreQuality Decision Making in Management Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesMarketers have increasingly realized that consumers will more likely and quickly opt for the ecologically friendly package rather than not. Also, the public is more educated as to various environmental issues, thanks to high profile celebrities and media attention. 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Lastly, thereRead MoreThe Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)1277 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility (CSR), which was first suggested in the late 1960s, is an idea to urge companies not only to focus on maximizing the profits of shareholders, but also the interests of other stakeholders like suppliers and employees (Wong, 2014). Issue about whether adopting CSR can enhance companies’ performance is still controversial. However, it is becoming more and more popular for companies to carry out different types of CSR measures since it is being widely believed that practicingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Com munication1361 Words   |  6 PagesDuring a crisis, social media channels such as blogs, Facebook pages and instant messages can be used to keep stakeholders updated, stay connected with stakeholders, and collectively find a solution to overcome a crisis (Ulmer et al., 2015). While a number of social media characteristics are typically considered before its adoption in communication activities, three characteristics are mentioned more frequently in communication literature. In most crisis communication studies, speed, ease of reach

Invisible Essay Paper Example For Students

Invisible Essay Paper A hero is considered to be any man noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose; especially, one who has risked or sacrificed his life. This describes one of the main characters in the highly acclaimed novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey. Randle McMurphy is the hero of this novel because he stood firmly against oppressive powers, showing courage and ultimately paying with his life. There were no heroes on the psychiatric ward before McMurphys arrival. Nurse Ratched wielded supreme power. No single patient had the ability to stand against the injustices to which they were subjected. McMurphy united these patients. He gave them collective courage and a sense that they could resist their persecutor. For example, Harding states, No ones ever dared to come out and say it before, but theres not a man among us that doesnt think it. That doesnt feel just as you do about her and the whole business-feel it somewhere down deep in his scared little soul. Not only did McMurph y unite his friends, the patients; but he understood the enemy, the staff. He recognized the ultimate authority and oppressive power of those in charge of the psychiatric ward. He also knew that to resist them would put himself at great personnel risk. McMurphy, however, took the risk and defended his fellow patients. For example, McMurphy says to the black boy who is harassing George, I said thats enough buddy. McMurphy knew this confrontation would have harsh consequences, but he took the chance. In fact McMurphy took one too many chances. This heros end comes when he lashes out at nurse Ratched, blaming her for the death of Billy Bibbit. McMurphy demonstrated his feeling for Billy by his emotional reaction to his death, First Charles Cheswick and now William Bibbit! I hope youre finally satisfied. Playing with human lives-gambling with human lives-as if you thought yourself to be God! This outburst results in McMurphy having a lobotomy and later dying. In conclusion, Randle McMur phy lost his life courageously defending the other patients. McMurphy had several chances to save himself, but chose instead to stay and help his fellow patients. McMurphy is a true hero and his acts of bravery and selfless behavior prove this. English

Social Responsiblity free essay sample

Corporate social responsibility is defined in Chapter 5 as the corporate duty to create wealth by using means that avoid harm to, protect, or enhance societal assets. Did GE in the Welch era fulfill this duty? Could it have been done better? What should it have done? Jack Welch did make GE the most valuable company in the world. He was described as â€Å"the most important and influential business leaders of the 20th Century† by some Wall Street analyst. Nevertheless, Jack Welch as the CEO did not fulfill the duty of social responsibility. He did not avoid harm or protect societal assets. Under Welch’s leadership the GE Company contributed to environmental damages in areas of the country which manufactured GE products. One instants is GE heavily polluted the Hudson River with PCBs, one of the most toxic and persistent man-made substances that can cause cancer in people. From 1947-1977 GE dumped as many as 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsiblity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River. It has turned 197-mile stretch of the river into the nation’s superfund site. Since then there has been a struggle for GE to clean up the mess. In 1980 Congress passed the Superfund law which has created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad Federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment. GE has failed to comply with this law. They are fighting the development of clean-up plan with every tool it can buy by lobbying congress, attacking the Superfund law in court, and launching a media bitz to spread disinformation about the usefulness of cleanup, claiming that dredging the river would actually stir up PCBs which was false claimed by EPA and outside experts. If they do not clean up the mess it could cost tax payer $350 to 400 million dollars. This is showing that GE is not protecting society and is actually harming people. When Welch was CEO he could have just cleaned up the mess and it would have reduces the health risk it cased to people. Instead he choose to fight the clean up process which cost him millions while he could have just spent to money and cleaned it up to avoid harm, and protect society. Another way he harmed, and did not enhance society is the number of people he laid off in the company. With is five years of him taking over 1 and 4 people would leave GE payroll. The book states, union leaders estimate that in his last 15 years GE eliminated 150,000 jobs in the United States through layoffs, subcontracting, and out sourcing to foreign countries. With the extensive about of layoffs and outsourcing jobs it hurts the United States economy by increasing the unemployment rate and the American debit ratio. Welch has added the economy of outsourcing which is leaving American’s with out jobs here and unable to find jobs. This is not enhancing are society when the unemployment rate is increasing due to layoff employees and outsourcing jobs over seas. The only way Jack Welch fulfills its primary economic responsibility in paying taxes. They paid 5. 7 billion dollars in taxes in 2000. Taxes do help in society in many ways though. The taxes paid to state and local jurisdictions help pay for police and fire protection. Federal income taxes help pay for defense for the country. They also pay for capital facilities such as highways and other transportation services and for help for those who are poor or ill. Jack Welch believed that he fulfilled his social responsibility by paying taxes because how that helps society. He said, â€Å"I think a company’s social responsibility is first and foremost to winning because winning companies are the only companies that can give back. Winning companies pay taxes. † However, GE pressured cities, countries, and states to lower taxes by threatening to move operations elsewhere. This impacted schools and the infrastructure by lowering the budgets. He believes in paying taxes is his social responsibility but will do anything to lower the taxes which showing his lack of social responsibility and do anything to lower cost to increase profits. Paying taxes is wonderful and all but it is not the only social responsibility that a corporation should have. Jack Welch should have been proactive in his cleaned up the PCBs in the Hudson River, to help prevent the harm of the fish and the citizens who live near and on this American water source. He should have considered the layoffs and what effect outsourcing had on the US economy. It would have been more socially responsibly to have looked for ways to enhance American work force thru innovative ideas and partnering with other businesses in the world. In his defense, he did fulfill the economic responsibility of paying taxes to elp society; he would have done anything in his power to lower the taxes though. He could have done more! 2. Does GE under Welch illustrate a narrower view of corporate social responsibility closer to Friedman’s view that the only social responsibility is to increase profits while obeying the law? Welch does illustrate a narrow view of the corporate social responsibility closer to Friedman’s view. Jack Welch did believe the only social responsibility is to increase profits while obeying the law. Welch said a â€Å"CEO’s primary social responsibility is to assure the financial success of the company. It is all about hitting the numbers with Jack Welch. He did this by doing anything to lower the cost and he delivered the growth figures that could only be dreamed by lesser companies. He improved the company’s market value from twelve billion dollars in 1981 to approximately 280 billion dollars in 2001. He achieved this by closing, selling, or fixing manufactures within GE, and by outsourcing jobs to cut cost in Mexico. Welch’s vision was that every GE business would be the number one or number two competitor in its industry. If the business was not able to hit its numbers he would fix it, sell it, or close it down. He closed 73 plants, sold 232 businesses and eliminated 132,000 workers from GE payroll all to increase profits. Another way he increased profits was outsourcing jobs. It cut cost by moving facilities jobs to Mexico’s low wage labor markets. Ed Fire, the union’s president, estimated that two-thirds of the 30,000 lost jobs were simply transferred to low-wage countries. He would find the lowest wages, lowest benefit levels, and most intolerant working conditions to help boost revenue. GE has eliminated additional jobs in the United States by pressuring its suppliers as while to migrate along with it to Mexico. By this they have eliminated a large number of jobs in the US. This is not helping protect society with job security. It is only helping the company increase profits which show that GE only believes its social responsibility is to increase profits and not help the society. GE did increase profit by obey the law. However they are such a powerful company with too much political power and usually the laws are written in their favor. This makes it easier for them to obey the laws since Welch used his influences to get rulings in GE’s favor. An example of Welch influential powers is a court case in 2004. In the case, Judge S. R. Underhill ruled in favor of GE in a tax case involving events that took place from 1993-1998. The main issue is whether a corporation can ethically exploit features of the tax law. In this case, GE shifted 98 percent of the taxable income to two non-taxable Dutch Banks, but did not shift 98 percent of the benefits. Also, the GE tax process resulted in fully depreciated airplanes being depreciated a second tome. The courts ruled in his favor (Bierman). Jack Welch did have a narrow prospective to corporate social responsibility. He sole thought that increase profits was it. He should this by saying the only good company is a â€Å"winning† company. . How well did GE comply with the â€Å"General Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility† set forth in the section of the title in the chapter? The general principles stated in the book are and how Jack Welch complied to the principles are: †¢ Corporations are economic intuitions run for profit. This principle is about the greatest responsibility is to provide economic benefits. Jack Welch manly ran his corporation by this principle alone. In this principle it believes that they should be judged primarily on economic criteria and cannot be expected to meet purely social objectives without financial incentives. All firms must follow multiple bodies of laws. This principle includes obeying corporation laws and chartering provisions, the civil and criminal laws of nations and bodies of regulation that protect stakeholders, and international laws. GE does obey the laws and regulations stowed abound them. However, the company is too politically powerful and regulations are written in favor of GE some critics state. †¢Corporations have a duty to correct the adverse social impact they cause. It states that they should try to internalize external cost, or cost of production borne by society. GE has not fulfilled its duty with this principle. GE in 1977, as stated in question on, dumped 1. 3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River which impact the society around the area and the fish in the river. The harmful toxins have been linked to cancer. GE has refused to clean up the mess. They are fighting the clean up with every means necessary. They are not trying to help society with the damage it has caused. It will probably in the end cause tax payers money to clean up the mess. †¢Managers should try to meet legitimate needs of stakeholders. In this principle, manager’s primary responsibility is to customers, stockholders and employees. GE did care about its stockholders. For instance, an example from the text book stated that if you invested $100 in GE stock in 1981 and held it there for 20 years it would have been worth $6,749. This shows that he had a great deal of interest in the money that the stockholders make. Shareholders were enriched with Jack Welch as CEO. Earnings per share rose from $0. 46 in 1981 to a rising to $1. 07 in 2000. He said he had a great deal of interest in his employees; however he laid off one and four employees. Corporations should accept a measure of accountability toward stakeholders and publicly report on their market, mandated and voluntary actions. GE did report this action which made is confirmable to parties outside the firm. The voluntary actions that was reported for its philanthropic foundation, was that they donated forty million in grants to colleges, universities, and nonp rofit groups in the United States. Also, former GE employees volunteered one million hours community services. In market actions it creates several hundreds of jobs, pays 5. 7 billion dollars in taxes, and makes valuable products for society. In mandated actions, GE follows government regulations and agreements negotiated with stakeholders apparent to the public. After evaluating the general principles of social responsibilities Jack Welch didn’t apply himself to the principles. They one only he applied his company to was the institution is run for profits. He also cared a lot about making the money for the shareholders. Nevertheless, he lacked the responsibility to his employees and environmental society. 4. What are the pros and cons of ranking shareholders over employees and other stakeholders? Is it wrong to see employees as costs of production? Should GE have rebalanced its priorities? A United States survey states, â€Å"8 out of 10 directors rank shareholders ahead of all stakeholders including employees (2). They are doing all they can to enhance shareholders value. The shareholders collectively own that company. And there interests are solely in the profit and performance and the direction the organization is in. The shareholders play an important role in raising finance of the organization. By ranking the shareholder ahead of the other stakeholder they are maximizing profits and shares. Shareholders give the organization continuous pressure to deliver results. They want a return on there investment. They want a management style where the need is only to increase profits which results in excessive pressure on the employees. The best interest of the company finances is not always in the best interest on the employees, the shareholders believe. When focusing on what the shareholders what the organization gets lost in the business environment focusing on profits instead of the people, the employees and other stakeholders. What they forget is that the stakeholders and employees are the business and the ones making the profits. The employees are the business greatest assets. If the focus just stays on the shareholders which are profit generated, over their employees, they will soon loss their only profit generating resource. As a result, corporations need to ensure the stakeholders are satisfied first to produce a profit. Growing the business and ensuring employees are fairly treated should the up most importance by managers and directors. Employees are part of cost of production. Costs are defined as those expenses faced by a business in the process of supplying goods and services to consumers. There is fixed and variable cost in production. Employees are apart of fixed cost by the salary of wages they receive. The variable cost for employees includes the wages of part-time staff or employees paid by the hour. Employees are huge part of production cost. GE should rebalance some of its responsibilities. Jack Welch should have taken more interest in his employees well being and the environment. Like now under the supervision of Jeffery Immelt, is in the process of rebalancing a culture shift of involvement in the environment. He has â€Å"Ecomagination† campaign featuring a loveable dancing rain-forest elephant that projects a friendly corporate face. They are now also marketing environmentally friendlier technologies such as wind power. He is trying to shift the focus from the shareholder to the stakeholders which Welch should have done. There is no doubt that Jack Welch is one of the most admired CEO’s of the 20th century. He turned one of America’s oldest companies into one of its largest income producing mega organization in the world but at a cost to society and individuals. In our new business models we should take the best of Jack Welch’s era and mix it with the new.

Role Of Women In Canterbury Tales Essays - The Canterbury Tales

Role of Women in Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer serves as a moral manual for the 1300's and years after. Through the faults of both men and woman, he shows in each persons story what is right and wrong and how one should live. Under the surface, however, lies a jaded look and woman and how they cause for the downfall of men. ?The Knight's Tale? is one of chivalry and upstanding moral behavior. However, beneath the surface lies the theme of the evil nature of women. Emily plays the part of the beautiful woman who captivates the hearts of two unsuspecting men. Those two men are cousins Arcite and Palamon, both knights who duel for Emily's hand in marriage. The two start out as the best of friends and then roommates in a jail cell that is to be shared for eternity. But with one look at Emily, the two start bickering instinctively and almost come to blows over something they will never be able to have, or so it seems. Chaucer's knack for irony revels itself as Arcite is released from his life sentence but disallowed from ever coming back to Athens. He would be killed ever caught within the city again by King Theseus. Because Arcite is doomed to never again see Emily, his broken heart causes him sickness as he's weakened by love. It is only after he comes up with the plan of returning to Athens under an assumed name that he starts to get better. Meanwhile, Palamon remains back in captivity, rendered helpless due to his lifelong punishment in prison. He knows that he will never be able to talk to Emily and certainly not marry her because of his plight. All he can do is watch her from a distance and admire her beauty. Arcite believes that this is a better punishment than his, though, as he says: ?O dere cosin Palamon, quod he, Thyn is the victorie of this aventure Ful blisfully in prison maistow dure; In prison? Certes nay, but in paradys! Wel hath fortuen y-turned thee the dys, That hast the sighte of hir, and I th'adsence. ? But I, that am exyled and bareyne Of alle grace, and in so greet despeir, That ther nis erthe, water, fyr, ne eir, Ne creature, that of hem maked is, That may me helpe or doon confort in this: Wel oughte I sterve in wanhope and distresse; Farwel my lyf, my lust, and my gladnesse!? (58 and 60) Emily has caused him such distress that he cries all the time and contemplates killing himself so he won't have to feel this every day pain that appears to have no end. All of this because of a woman. Emily is a sweet, innocent woman of her times. In a strange twist for a woman of The Canterbury Tales, she is perfectly happy alone and doesn't ever want to be married. Yet, Palamon and Arcite duel twice for Emily's love and Arcite ends up losing his life all because of her. Palamon, winning her by default, serves Emily faithfully for several years before she agrees to marry him, still not loving him, though. No one wins in ?The Knight's Tale,? but it is the two men who fight over the woman who lose the most. The ?Nun's Priest's Tale? is perhaps the best representation of men's downfall due to the influence of women. The story revolves around a rooster, Chauntercleer, the most beautiful cock in all of England with the sweetest voice an any ear has heard. He has seven wives but his favorite was Pertelote, an elegant hen in her own right. It is this woman, this female, that causes Chauntercleer great trouble. One night Chauntercleer wakes suddenly from a bad dream. Seemingly seeking comfort in her, he tells Pertelot about the dream which involves a wild, rampant dog with beady eyes coming after Chauntercleer. But instead of consoling her ?husband?, she challenges his manhood and says that no man hers should be scared of a dream. This causes Chauntercleer to go off on a tangent about the many, many times in history dreams have predicted the future and how non-believers suffered the consciences of not taking the proper precautions. After he done, however, he says that Pertelot is probably

Chemistry Study Tips

Chemistry Study Tips Studying chemistry can be stressful and feel overwhelming. There is no magic formula for learning chemistry, but you can develop an effective strategy for success. Whether youre in middle school, high school or college, these simple steps will get you on the right track. Basically it involves not getting behind, doing your own work, and not psyching yourself out: Dont procrastinate!Cramming does not equal learning. If you wait until the night before a test to start studying you will suffer, your grades will suffer, etc. Chemistry problems take time to work. Chemistry concepts take time to master.Dont ProcrastinateIts worth repeating! In chemistry you build from one concept onto the next. You need a solid knowledge base to progress.Try Flash CardsHey, they are used in elementary and primary school because FLASHCARDS WORK. Some of the information gets learned while making the cards and the rest can be learned during practice. You get to switch around the order in which you view topics, which is something most notebooks dont provide. Get some index cards and give it a try!Try a HighlighterUse it judiciously. The goal is not to turn your book or notes fluorescent. Most texts already have important concepts in bold typeface. Unless your teacher is very unusual, he or she will almost always mention likely test questions, answers, and concepts. High light them! Some teachers take questions from a test bank, but those who write their own are usually keeping a mental tally of concepts while teaching. Use MnemonicsWhat you are doing here is taking the first letters of words in a sequence you are trying to memorize and making a phrase from them to serve as a memory aid. Example: the sequence of the first few elements in the periodic table H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne could be (well, the one that came to my mind was actually dirty, which is easier to remember) Hi Henry, Lookin Big, Bad, Certainly Nasty, Old Friend - Not! Ok, it isnt great literature. One popular mnemonic device is for metric prefixes: Kilo- Hecto- Deca- Meter (liter, gram) deci- centi- milli- Kangaroos Hopping Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk. Also, such phrases are even easier to memorize if you put them to music.  Work the ProblemsYou work through the example problem in the book or in class just fine. Great! That doesnt mean you understand how to apply the formulas when the conditions or wording changes. Its vital to work problems. I know it seems like a good idea to divide problem sets with classmates or to put down answers from the back of the book when youre short on time, but you truly need to work those problems to practice the skills you need for tests and beyond. Know Your TextDo you have a glossary? Answers to problems in the back? Self-quizzes? Appendices full of useful information? Find that out sooner rather than later. Learn your way around your text. Use the glossary. You cant communicate about a subject without learning the terminology.

Head Collaborative Cultures and Organizational Competence Article

Head Collaborative Cultures and Organizational Competence - Article Example The informal coming allows teachers to improve teaching and learning. The author concludes that collaborative culture is based on close cooperation between all members of the group and team. Also, Sergiovanni underlines the importance of leadership and management in teaching practice. Teachers and administrators need to recognize where they fit in and what it takes to get along in this culture and the society (institutions, roles, relationships, structures) which has arisen from and in turn affects this culture. A special role played by division directors who control and manage all resources and teaching process.     Ã‚  Ã‚   The main principles of successful organizing are the principle of cooperation, the principles of empowerment, the principle of accountability and the principle of responsibility.  Ã‚   From this perspective, schooling is at heart a cultural-social event and only makes sense if the cultural circumstance, over time, including projections into the future, is taken into account. All this is to say that often what is going on in education is school people talking to one another with inadequate attention to what America is about or where America has come from. It is important to stress this commitment to freedom because we have grown up in a time in which there has been both political and social concern for issues of social justice and equity of treatment and outcome. Also important is the ability to take powerful action alone and in collaboration with others. Without efficacy, without the ability to make things happen, an individual is not free. Opportunity and capacity are important ingredients of successful performance. These factors are supported and related to such issues as trust among group members, group identity, and group efficiency. The author sums up that team approach is successful because it helps to maintain trust and cooperation atmosphere among all members.   Individualism, in sum, encourages one to be the one-of-a-kind person he or she is. But important to remember, in this culture individualism is more a matter of extending an invitation and granting of an opportunity than providing assurance that one will actually live out one's uniqueness. At best, education in this country is of a kind that encourages and contributes to the development of individual persons, not walking cliches or interchangeable cogs in a social/cultural machine.

Candidate Cancer Meiosis Genes Literature review

Candidate Cancer Meiosis Genes - Literature review Example Some X-chromosome and non-X-chromosome CTAs expressed in normal cells apart from testis and in cancerous cells Literature Review 1. Introduction Carcinogenesis is a complex and multistage process. Cancer is difficult to treat and it is important to detect it early so that therapeutic and surgical strategies can be developed to treat cancer. However, it often happens that by the time the symptoms of cancer are detected in a person, the disease is already at a late stage and it becomes difficult to treat the person at that time. Also, the cancers do not only vary between tissue types but also between patients. Moreover, the cells in a tumor are a complex and diverse mix of cells that have different characteristics. Hence, identifying, detecting and treating cancer becomes difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of the disease and its symptoms. At this juncture what is needed is that such a technology should be developed through which cancer cells can be easily detected or demarke d with markers that are specific to cancer cells. This will help filter cancerous from noncancerous cells because of which it will become easier to detect cancer from a heterogeneous mix of cells. At the moment, high-quality biomarkers or molecular targets that are specific to cancer cells are lacking. The search for such molecules is thus under high significance in the scientific community. A few molecules or antigenic biomarkers have already been identified. One such group of antigens that are gene-encoded are cancer testis antigens (CTAs). CTAs under normal circumstances are present in the testes only because their genes are expressed in the testes. These genes are not expressed elsewhere. Research has shown that some of these genes that are only expressed in the testes are also expressed in other somatic cells when they become cancerous tumor cells. The cells in the testes often escape the cells of immune system, because of which they are protected from antibodies that are direc ted towards cancer-testis antigens. Because of this reason, it is a good option to use immunological therapies for diagnosing CTAs in cancerous somatic cells as the same antigens in the normal cells of the testes will remain unaffected. Therefore, it can be said that CTAs are good targets for both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and also immunological-based therapies like adoptive therapeutics. The number of CTA genes that can be used for diagnosis is less because many of these genes are also expressed in a few normal somatic cells. Some candidate CTA genes are generally turned on during the meiotic programme. These are called meiCT or CM genes. As the present research is based on these genes, this literature review will focus on these genes which are CM genes. In the review, the first discussion is on cancer. It is an introduction to cancer, describing the causes and stages of cancer and then moving on to hallmarks of cancer.

Health Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Policy - Essay Example Among these the social factor can be considered to be the most influential. This is because it is only the awareness of the public that makes to utilize the medical resources. Most of the people lack awareness. This could be possibly due to illiteracy. Hence those sections must be taught regarding various aspects of health and care. Modern public health is often concerned with the addressing determinants of health across a population, rather than advocating for individual behaviour change. There is a recognition that our health is affected by many factors including where we live, genetics, our income, our educational status and our social relationships - these are known as "social determinants of health." A social gradient in health runs through society, with those that are poorest generally suffering the worst health. However even those in the middle classes will generally have worse health outcomes than those of a higher social stratum (WHO, 2003). The new public health seeks to ad dress these health inequalities by advocating for population-based policies that improve the health of the whole population in an equitable fashion. (Wikipedia -the free online encyclopedia) Managed Health Care, a general classification used for a type of health insurance that provides comprehensive medical care based on a prepaid contract as opposed to traditional fee-for-service health insurance. Traditional health insurance pays a health-care provider each time a medical service is performed. Managed health-care plans, however, pay health-care providers a set monthly fee for each member of the plan, regardless of whether the member seeks medical care. Managed health-care plans are so-named because they attempt to manage or control the costs of health care by requiring participants in the plan to seek medical care from designated physicians. These physicians act as "gatekeepers" who determine if patients need to see more costly medical specialists. Most managed care systems encourage preventive medicine, operating with the philosophy that it is better for the patient and more cost-effective to focus on preventing illness or to treat an illness in its early stages than to treat an illness in advanced stages. Accordingly, managed health-care plans provide broad coverage for preventive care, such as immunizations and physical examinations, unlike traditional health insurance plans. Managed care plans are unique to the United States. They are usually offered through employers, although individuals and senior citizens who receive government-funded health insurance through Medicare can enroll directly in managed care plans. Most employer-sponsored plans allow an "open enrollment period" of one month when employees can decide whether they want a managed care plan or a traditional fee-for-service plan, also known as an indemnity plan. (See also Health Insurance.) There are three basic types of managed care plans: health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and point-of-service plans. II HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS HMOs provide comprehensive medical services in exchange for a monthly payment from the plan participant. HMOs developed in the early 1970s with the passage of the federal Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973. The law applied minimum, uniform standards in all 50 states for a health insurance organization to qualify as an

History Of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

History Of Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay Definitions of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future The integration of environmental, economic and social considerations as the key to ensuring we maintain our quality of life and continue to create jobs, without compromising the integrity of the natural environment or the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. What is sustainable development? It is a system of resources to get human needs while protecting the environment.So the man can have their needs not only present but also future Problems Sustainable Development(As a solution) position for Engineers Conclusions Component of SD Outdoor Space à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Community Green Space Supports Walk able Urbani Water à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Drilled wellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dug wellsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rainwater harvesting through a system of cisterns and catchments http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rain_Water_storage.JPG/220px-Rain_Water_storage.JPG A 35,003 liter rainwater harvesting tank in Kerala Waste executive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Use of landfill to power sewage treatment plant Building Materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ filling: Recycled fiberglass insulation ,Double-paned windows Interior Products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Energy Star appliances, Compact fluorescent light bulbsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Countertops made of recycled materials: glass, aluminum, paper, etc.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Recycled Sustainable Forms of Energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Solar energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Biomass energy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hydroelectric power à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ wind energy Main targets of SD 1. Education sinking school drop-out rates below 10% 2. Poverty / social omission at least 20 million people in the world are effected due to poverty and social omission 3. Employment 75% of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 4. RD / modernization 3% of the EUs GDP (public and private combined) to be invested in RD/innovation 5. Climate change / energy greenhouse gas emissions 20% (or even 30%, if the conditions are right) lower than 1990; 20% of energy from renewable; 20% increase in energy efficiency at least 40% of 30-34-year-olds completing third level education 6Aspects of Sustainable Development Social Environmental political economical Cultural 7 Dimensions of Sustainable Development Principles of Sustainable Development Developing Human abilities people are at the core of development initiatives Holistic Science and Appropriate Technology the search for solutions to the complex milieu of development problems has to be undertaken with the perspective that situates specific problems in the larger social and ecological context. Cultural, Moral and Spiritual Sensitivity nurturing the inherent strengths of local and indigenous knowledge, practices and beliefs while respecting the cultural diversity, moral norms and spiritual essence of Filipino society Self-strength of mind Respecting the right and relying on the inherent capacity of the country and its people to decide on the course of their own progress National Sovereignty self-determination at the national level where the norms of society and the specifics of the local ecology inform national governance. Includes human and environmental security as well as achieving and ensuring security and self-reliance in basic staple foods. Gender Sensitivity recognizing the important and complementary roles and the empowerment of both men and women in development Peace, Order and National Unity securing the right of all to a peaceful and secure existence Social Justice, Inter- Intra-Generational and Spatial Equity ensuring social cohesion and harmony through equitable distribution of resources and providing the various sectors of society with equal access to development opportunities and benefits today and in the future Participatory Democracy ensuring the participation and empowerment of all sectors of society in development decision-making and processes and to operationalize inter-sectoral and multi-sectoral consensus Institutional Viability recognizing that sustainable development is a shared, collective and indivisible responsibility which calls for institutional structures that are built around the spirit of solidarity, convergence and partnership between and among different stakeholders. Ecological Soundness recognizing nature as our common heritage and thus respecting the limited carrying capacity and integrity of nature in the development process to ensure the right of present and future generations to this heritage. Biographical Equity and Community-Based Resource Management recognizing that since communities residing within or most proximate to an ecosystem of a bio-geographic region will be the ones to most directly and immediately feel the positive and negative impacts on that ecosystem, they should be given prior claim to the development decisions affecting that ecosystem including management of the resources. Global Cooperation building upon and contributing to the diverse capacities of individual nations Conclusion For the development process of (social,economic and political)in the modern society,sustainable development is more applicable process. R D Planning, design, implementation/manufacturing, operations maintenance HISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The first idea about sustainability is emerged during the 1970s and1980s.The topic,How human behavior damage the environment and putting humans at risk is marked first in1972. In 1980 The International Union set the world conservation strategy for the conservation of nature with World Wild life Fund and the UN Environment program,and released the idea of environmental protection in the self interest of the human species In 1987,Brundtland commission released OUR COMMON FUTUTRE,a report that covered the about the environment and poverty in many parts of the world. World attention on sustainability peaked at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro. It brought together the heads or senior officials of 179 governments, and included the Earth Summit, the largest-ever meeting of world leaders. Rio produced two international agreements, two statements of principles and a major action agenda on worldwide sustainable development. Sustainable design what is Sustainable design? The attitude of designing physical objectives to build environment and agree to service mainly with social environmental and economic sustainability. Theory The main target of the sustainable design is to remove widely, environmental collisions through skilled sensitive design.Manifestations of sustainable design bond the people with the environment,effecting the environment minimally,by requiring no non renewable resources Beyond the elimination of negative environmental impact, there must be projects that are meaningful innovations that can shift actions. A active balance between economy and society, planned to create long-term contact between user and object/service and lastly to be polite and mindful of the environmental and social differences Sustainable design principles http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPG/290px-CalifAcadamyOfSciAug28-2008img0640.JPG Examples :- The California Academy of Sciences ,San Francisca,california, Its a sustainable building designed by Renzo Piano There are some reasons ,While the practical purpose varies among disciplines, Low-impact materials: choose non-toxic, sustainably produced or recycled materials which require little energy to process Energy efficiency: use built-up processes and produce products which require less energy Quality and durability: longer-lasting and better-functioning goods will have to be replaced less frequently, sinking the impacts of producing replacements Design for reuse and recycling: Products, processes, and systems should be planned for performance in a commercial afterlife. Design Impact Measures for total carbon footprint and life-cycle assessment for any resource used are increasingly required and available. Many are complex, but some give quick and accurate whole-earth estimates of impacts. One measure estimates any spending as consuming an average economic share of global energy use of 8,000  BTU (8,400  kJ) per dollar and producing at the average rate of 0.57  kg of CO2 per dollar (1995 dollars US) from DOE figures. Sustainable Design Standards and project design guides are also increasingly available and are vigorously being developed by a wide array of private organizations and individuals. There is also a large body of new methods emerging from the rapid development of what has become known as sustainability science promoted by a wide variety of educational and governmental institutions. Biomimicry: redesigning industrial systems on biological lines enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles Service substitution: shifting the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services which provide similar functions, e.g., from a private automobile to a carsharing service. Such a system promotes minimal resource use per unit of consumption (e.g., per trip driven).[11] Renewability: materials should come from nearby (local or bioregional), sustainably managed renewable sources that can be composted when their usefulness has been exhausted. Robust eco-design: robust design principles are applied to the design of a pollution sources). Applications Applied fields. Sustainable architecture design Sustainable landscape Sustainable graphic design Sustainable agriculture design Urban design Urban planning Engineering Industrial design Interior design Fashion design Human Computer interaction Sustainable design is the most important solution to global environmental damages. increment of human population, continuous development of economic activities decrement and failure of natural resources hurt the ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. The Whole earth effected,increment of goods and services is consistently outpacing gains in efficiency due to the restrictions of sustainable design. As a result, the net effect of sustainable design to date has been to simply improve the efficiency of continuously increasing impacts. The present situation, that targets on the efficiency of delivering services and products is not a solution for this problem. The basic dilemmas contended: the increasing complexity of efficiency improvements; the difficulty of implementing new technologies in societies built around old ones; that physical impacts of delivering goods and services are not localized, but are distributed throughout the economies; and that the scale of resource use is growing and not stabilizing.

Pop Culture Archetype Comparison

The archetype of the villain is seen in many Disney fairytales and are usually one of the most important characters in the films. Shan Yu from Mulan and Scar from The Lion King although are from different backgrounds and different plots both display the same characteristics and thought processes. SIMILARITY 1-The primary similarity between Shan Yu and Scar is that they both will stop at nothing in order to conquer the land and power that they think they deserve. This is seen in Mulan, where Shan-Yu feels no hesitation when it comes to taking a life. He kills without remorse, for his own amusement. This is demonstrated when he asks â€Å"How many men does it take to deliver a message? † to which one of his henchmen replies â€Å"one† as he aims his arrow at one of two Chinese spies. This is also seen in The Lion King. Scar the evil brother of Mufasa will do anything to become King of the Pride Lands, even if it means killing his brother and his nephew Simba. Although he only succeeds in murdering Mufasa, he convinces his nephew that it was his fault, leaving Simba to live with the guilt of his father’s death and tells the cub to ‘run far away, Simba, and never come back’. SIMILARITY 2-The second similarity between Shan Yu and Scar is their similar deaths, in which the hero takes part in taking down the villain. Shan Yu gets thrown off a building by Mulan and Scar is pushed off a cliff by Simba. CONCLUSION- Therefore both characters are seen as the classic archetype villain and have many similarities such as their lust for superiority and power. However, while both characters have many similarities between them they also demonstrate some differences as well. DIFFERENCE 1- A major difference between the two characters is that Shan Yu is a Mongolian leader of the huns whereas Scar is a lion from Africa. Although Scar is not a human being, the character still demonstrates the same desire to conquer the land. DIFFERENCE 2- The second difference between Shan Yu and Scar is the means in which Scar grew up, for example growing up Scar’s father spent more time and attention on his other son Mufasa. This ultimately leads to Scar hating his brother and constantly seeking revenge against him. While, for Shan Yu, growing up because of his cultural and political background he has always hated the Chinese and wanted to take them down. However, the two characters both attempt to conquer and take down their opposing forces whether it is their family or political enemies. Relevance- The significance of the archetype of the villain in both films is that they essentially help the main character, the hero to complete a quest or journey of finding who they really are. In Mulan, if it were not because of Shan Yu and the threat of the war, then she would have never had to change her lifestyle or leave her family behind. This would not have made her the person she became towards the end of the film. The same goes for Simba, if it were not for Scar telling him his father had died and there was nothing left for him there, furthermore he was able to see how others lived and decide that he wanted to rule. Conclusion- In conclusion, while both characters are archetypes of the classic villain. They both demonstrate the same ideals and desires to be achieve total control and superiority over the people around them.

NCLEX-PN

These are signs of pregnancy. Presumptive Which are classified as probable signs of pregnancy? Uterine enlargement Hegiras sign, positive pregnancy test A patient can be told that she is definitely pregnant when she has: Fetal heart sounds A woman calls the clinic to report that she had a positive home pregnancy test and asks hobby relax these are. The nurse's most appropriate response Is: Accuracy Is very high if the test instructions are followed exactly The laboratory test used to confirm pregnancy measures: HAG The mother's first recognition of fetal movements is referred to as: QuickeningWhich change Is related to Increased progesterone levels? Deepening of the voice Which of the following is the cause of Loris's in pregnancy? As the uterus enlarges the center of gravity shifts, causing the women to lean back Which finding In a pregnant patient would require further assessment by the nurse? Blood pressure of 150/92 A patient in her third trimester of pregnancy complains of dizzi ness and faintness when she lies on her back. Which statement by the nurse is most appropriate? To improve the symptoms, lie on your left side have been very careful to take iron tablets and to eat a balanced diet.The nurse's most appropriate response is: During pregnancy, the fluid portion of your blood increases, which dilutes your red blood cells Changes in the gastrointestinal system during pregnancy include: Increased saliva production One cause of frequent urination during pregnancy is: pressure of the gravid uterus on the bladder Melancholy-stimulating hormone (MS) is responsible for which of the following signs of pregnancy? Lineal Niagara A woman in her second trimester of pregnancy smiles and pats her abdomen when she feels the baby move.She expresses a wish for a beautiful little girl and often alas about the baby in positive terms. These behaviors illustrate which developmental task of pregnancy? Fetal Distinction A woman who is 36 weeks pregnant tells the clinic nurse t hat she is considering taking ibuprofen for her back pain and muscle cramps. The nurse's best response is: Taking that medication could cause your baby to experience distress BC of premature changes in its cardiovascular system Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions and the milk ejection reflex in breastfeeding?Extinction A patient tells the nurse that she is worried because her partner does not seem interested in the pregnancy. Which response by the nurse would be the most appropriate? Your partner will go through stages of adjustment to fatherhood The nurse is interviewing a woman in the clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Amenorrhea Fatigue Breast tenderness A pregnant woman has three living children, one single and one twin birth, one preterm birth, and no abortions.According to CATALPA, the nurse would record her pregnancy history as . 421031 A nurse is discussing preconception care with a group of women. She tells them that en purpose of preconception care is to: encourage healthy lifestyles The nurse is interviewing a woman during her first prenatal clinic visit. When the Blood samples will not be taken to test for conditions that could affect your pregnancy On her fourth prenatal visit, a patient asks why urine tests are done on every visit.The most appropriate response is: We are testing for diabetes, which sometimes develops during pregnancy The purpose of Loophole's maneuvers is to determine: The presentation and position of the fetus One purpose of ultrasound imaging during pregnancy is to: Rule out fetal abnormalities Compared with amniocentesis, chronic villous sampling: Can be done earlier in A diagnostic test of the amniotic fluid to determine whether the fetus is likely to develop respiratory distress is: Lecithin/spellbinding ratio (LIST ratio) An elevated alpha-footprint (APP) level is consistent with: Neural tube defects The biophysical profile (BP) uses five observations, including: Gro ss body movements During a nonstarters test (NEST), a monitor records fetal heart rate when the mother senses fetal movement.This test is used to assess: Fetal oxygenation and autonomic function Which statement correctly describes the contraction stress test (COST)? Uterine contractions must be induced. To prepare a woman for a contraction stress test using nipple stimulation, an appropriate instruction would be to: Brush your palm across the nipple of one breast for 2 to 3 minutes. A common discomfort in the first trimester of pregnancy is: Lakehurst On her second prenatal visit, a woman states that she feels like she needs to urinate â€Å"all the time, even during the night. † She says she has reduced her fluid intake to control this problem. The nurse should tell her to: â€Å"Drink more fluids during the day ND less in the evening. A teaching plan for self-care during pregnancy should include that: Hot tubs should be avoided because increased body temperature decreases placental blood To minimize heartburn, the pregnant patient should: Sit up for 30 minutes after eating. A woman in her third trimester is troubled by frequent leg cramps. Which measure would the nurse suggest to relieve the cramps? Stand with the feet flat on the floor when cramps occur. Self-care instruction for a pregnant woman to lessen backache should include: Wearing low-heeled shoes Wearing low-heeled shoes For a healthy pregnancy outcome, the recommended eight gain during pregnancy is: 1. 4 to 1. 8 keg(3 to 4 lbs) each month in the first trimester, then 0. keg(l lb) per week for a total of 11 to 16 keg(25 to 35 lbs) Fetal weight increases most during the: Third trimester To prevent supine hypertensive syndrome and to promote fetal perfusion during pregnancy, the teaching plan should include: Lying on the left side Self-care instruction for a pregnant woman often includes the pelvic rocking exercise, which helps: Relieve lower back pain Self-care instructions for a pregnant wo man should include: Not wearing knee-high stockings Which factor is likely to contribute to the formation of varicose veins during pregnancy? Constipation In a prenatal class, one woman tells the nurse that she is a vegetarian and asks whether this poses a problem in relation to her pregnancy.The nurse's most appropriate response is: minor care provider may order supplemental vitamins and calcium. † The nurse explains to a pregnant woman who does not like milk that other foods are good sources of calcium, such as: Green, leafy vegetables and tofu Pregnant women need increased vitamin A for fetal cell development, bone growth, ND tooth formation. One food that is high in vitamin A is: Carrots A pregnant woman should be instructed that good sources of iron are: broccoli and liver substituted for nutritious foods. Which statement by the nurse reflects the current philosophy of childbirth education? â€Å"l will tell you about your options for pain management so you can make a ch oice. Relaxation exercises, focusing, imagery, and flagrance are taught in childbirth education because they:: Are helpful in pain management during labor. The basic breathing patterns recommended during the first stage of labor include reheating. Modified-paced An exercise that strengthens perinea muscle tone and elasticity is the: Keel exercise Which sign should a pregnant woman report to her health care provider immediately? Angina Pain Which individual is at greatest risk for a high-risk pregnancy? A 15-year-old who is a vegetarian The assumption that all people of a particular culture think and behave in the same way is known as: Cultural stereotyping The pregnant woman asks why she should not receive a rubella virus immunization until after delivery.Which response would be the most appropriate? â€Å"Live virus canines have a high risk of iatrogenic effects. † A nurse is explaining nonstarters testing to expectant parents. Which statement indicates that further teaching is necessary? â€Å"A reactive nonstarters test means that further assessment will be required. † At a prenatal visit, the patient discusses her vegetarian diet with the nurse and states that she does not feel her diet includes enough protein. Which food(s) should the nurse suggest she add to her diet? Peanut butter Cottage cheese Eggs Amniocentesis is one diagnostic tool used to assess fetal health and well-being, and it is used for what reason(s)?Assessment of a genetic disorder Determining alpha-footprint levels Assessment of fetal lung maturity Chapter 13 One of the frequent causes of bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy is: Spontaneous abortion Causes of spontaneous abortion can include: Acute maternal infection A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy comes to the emergency department with moderate vaginal bleeding. She reports having had cramps earlier but has none now. This description is typical of a(n) abortion. Threatened Which statement is true of octopi pregnancy? The fertilized ovum is implanted outside of the uterus. After surgery for a hydrofoil mole, the woman should be advised that: She must have periodic blood studies and ultrasounds to monitor for coordination.A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy presents to the emergency department with complaints of bright red vaginal bleeding. The nurse immediately suspects: Placenta Preview The nurse recognizes that digital vaginal examinations are contraindicated in pregnant women who are bleeding because: The examination may cause severe hemorrhage Which pregnant woman would the nurse suspect of having placenta preview? A Arvada 3, Para 2 in her twenty-eighth week of gestation who reports painless vaginal bleeding and whose blood pressure is 116/78 mm Hag Which scenario suggests abrupt placental? Tender, rigid uterus in the last trimester What complication should be suspected in the patient who has experienced abrupt placental, hydrofoil mole, or a retained dead fetus?Dis seminated intramuscular coagulation A woman with Re-negative blood is administered Aerogram following an abortion to prevent: Summarization in the mother The most typical signs and symptoms of gestational hypertension include: Proteins and hypertension The teaching plan for a woman with mild gestational hypertension who is being managed at home should include: Resting frequently and lying on the left side Before administering magnesium sulfate to a woman with severe gestational withhold the drug? Urinary output 20 murmur The pregnant patient is given magnesium sulfate. The drug has been effective if: Seizure activity is absent. What is the difference between proclaims and clamps?The central nervous system is involved with clamps but not with proclaims. Which factor places the pregnant woman at risk for thermoelectric disease? Even VA compression A pregnant woman who has been hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis (DTV) suddenly complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. Her he art rate is 120 beats/minute. The nurse should suspect what complication? Pulmonary embolism The nurse recognizes that the primary effect of pregnancy on a woman with a preexisting heart disease is: The workload of the heart is greatly increased. When a woman with heart disease becomes pregnant, what precautions will the nurse advise her to take? â€Å"Immediately report dyspepsia, fatigue, or edema. The nurse is counseling a prenatal patient on nutrition. He notes that her health care provider has ordered 300 MGM of ferrous sulfate each day. What patient teaching is indicated? Inform stools will be dark and sticky when you are taking iron. † Hyperemia gravitated is: Persistent, severe vomiting during pregnancy The effect of pregnancy on glucose metabolism is to: Antagonize insulin, which causes serum glucose to rise. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the patient with presentational diabetes usually requires: Less insulin than before her pregnancy A pregnant woman has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. She asks the nurse whether that means she will have to take insulin.The nurse's best response is: â€Å"Some women need insulin, but you may be able to control your diabetes with diet. † A maternal complication that can result from diabetes mellitus is: Hydrations A woman asks the nurse why she should take precautions against getting rubella if she thinks she might be pregnant. The nurse explains that the occurrence of maternal rubella during the first 4 weeks of pregnancy could lead to which fetal malformations? Cataracts, cardiac defects, and deafness of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and cocaine can cause fetal growth retardation. During an assessment of an infant born to an intravenous drug abuser, the nurse should recognize which sign(s) and/or symptom(s) as indicative of drug withdrawal?Tremor and hyperactive reflexes What information will the nurse give to a pregnant woman with heart disease regarding her second stage of labor? S he will not be able to have any anesthesia. A woman with heart disease has delivered and is now in the postpartum unit. When caring for this woman, the nurse recognizes that: Major circulatory readjustment in the postpartum period may cause heart failure even 4 or 5 days postpartum The nurse has been teaching a pregnant woman at 32 weeks' gestation about signs and symptoms of gestational hypertension and potential warning signs of possible complications. The nurse recognizes the need for further teaching when the woman â€Å"If I have a headache, I will take some acetaminophen. States: A woman with severe gestational hypertension is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Which assessment finding would indicate the need for further intervention? Absent deep tendon reflexes A nurse is caring for a woman who has been hypertensive since her thirty-fourth eek of gestation. Assessment findings include urine protein +3, platelet count 95,000 mm, and elevated EAS T and ALT levels. The nurse should suspect the development of which of the following? HELP syndrome A newly delivered woman who was treated for proclaims during labor says to the nurse, â€Å"Why are you still checking my blood pressure, reflexes, respirations, and urine so often?I thought delivery of my baby would take care of the problem. † The most appropriate response would be: Mimi are still at risk for seizures for the first forty- eight hours after birth. † The patient asks why she has been having urinary tract infections (It's) more frequently since becoming pregnant. The nurse explains that which of the following factor(s) predispose(s) the pregnant patient to It's? Compression of the Reuters Decreased urine flow to the bladder Relaxation of the bladder muscle Gloriously favoring bacterial growth birth because of abrupt placental. The nurse recognizes that she must be alert for which sign(s) and/or symptom(s)?Bleeding gums Bleeding from injection sites Apostasi es Dry skin The nurse recognizes that parents who suffer a perennial loss will often exhibit which f the following behaviors? Denial Anger Acceptance Euphoria Chapter 20 The pain associated with endometriosis is caused by: Monthly bleeding of extraction endometrial tissue Which statement is true of toxic shock syndrome? Rash fever and flu-like symptoms are typical Women who experience premenstrual syndrome (MS), also known as ovarian cycle syndrome, should be advised that: Strategies that help manage stress may reduce symptoms. The physical changes of menopause are the result of: Lowered estrogen level A class for older women focuses on prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. One Oman asks how to tell if she is at risk for osteoporosis.

William Blake - Visionary Pre-Romantic Poet, Printer and Artist

William Blake - Visionary Pre-Romantic Poet, Printer and Artist William Blake was born in London in 1757, one of six children of a hosiery merchant. He was an imaginative child, â€Å"different† from the beginning, so he was not sent to school, but educated at home. He talked of visionary experiences from a very early age: at 10, he saw a tree filled with angels when he was wandering the countryside just outside town. He later claimed to have read Milton as a child and he began writing â€Å"Poetical Sketches† at 13. He was also interested in painting and drawing in childhood, but his parents could not afford art school, so he was apprenticed to an engraver at the age of 14. Blakes Training as an Artist The engraver to whom Blake was apprenticed was James Basire, who had made engravings of the work of Reynolds and Hogarth and was official engraver to the Society of Antiquaries. He sent Blake to draw the tombs and monuments at Westminster Abbey, a task which brought him to his lifelong love of Gothic art. When his 7-year apprenticeship was complete, Blake entered the Royal Academy, but did not stay long, and continued to support himself making engraved book illustrations. His Academy teachers urged him to adopt a simpler, less extravagant style, but Blake was enamored of grand historical paintings and ancient ballads. Blakes Illuminated Printing In 1782, William Blake married Catherine Boucher, an illiterate farmer’s daughter. He taught her reading and writing and draftsmanship, and she later assisted him in creating his illuminated books. He also taught drawing, painting and engraving to his beloved younger brother Robert. William was present when Robert died in 1787; he said that he saw his soul rise through the ceiling at death, that Robert’s spirit continued to visit him afterwards, and that one of these night visits inspired his illuminated book printing, combining poem text and engraved illustration on a single copper plate and hand-coloring the prints. Blakes Early Poems The first collection of poems William Blake published was Poetical Sketches in 1783 - clearly the work of a young apprentice poet, with its odes to the four seasons, an imitation of Spenser, historical prologues and songs. His most loved collections were next, the paired Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794), both published as handmade illuminated books. After the upheaval of the French Revolution his work became more political and allegorical, protesting and satirizing war and tyranny in books like America, a Prophecy (1793), Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) and Europe, a Prophecy (1794). Blake as Outsider and Mythmaker Blake was definitely outside the mainstream of art and poetry in his day, and his prophetic illustrated works did not garner much public recognition. He was usually able to make his living illustrating the works of others, but his fortunes declined as he devoted himself to his own ideas and art rather than to what was fashionable in 18th century London. He had a few patrons, whose commissions enabled him to study the classics and develop his personal mythology for his great visionary epics: The First Book of Urizen (1794), Milton (1804-08), Vala, or The Four Zoas (1797; rewritten after 1800), and Jerusalem (1804-20). Blakes Later Life Blake lived the last years of his life in obscure poverty, relieved only a little by the admiration and patronage of a group of younger painters known as â€Å"The Ancients.† William Blake fell ill and died in 1827. His last drawing was a portrait of his wife Catherine, drawn on his deathbed. Books by William Blake Blake: Songs of Innocence and Experience (facsimile edition with introduction by Richard Holmes, Tate Publishing, 2007)Songs of Innocence and of Experience (CD-ROM edition, pages embellished with pop-up commentary and annotations, narrated by Stuart Curran, Octavo, 2003)William Blake: The Complete Illuminated Books (reproductions from the Blake Trust, with introduction by David Bindman, Thames Hudson, W.W. Norton Co., 2001)The Complete Poetry Prose of William Blake (ed. David Erdman, with commentary by Harold Bloom, revised edition, Anchor, 1997)Blake’s Illustrations for the Book of Job (Dover Publications, 1995)The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: A Facsimile in Full Color (Dover Publications reprint, 1994)

Word Choice Causal vs. Casual - Writing Tips with Get Proofed!

Word Choice Causal vs. Casual - Writing Tips with Get Proofed! Word Choice: Causal vs. Casual Sometimes typos are obvious. If you write â€Å"teh† instead of â€Å"the,† for example, it’s easy to spot the error. Half the time your phone or computer will autocorrect it for you! But things get trickier with â€Å"causal† and â€Å"casual.† One keystroke out of place here and you get a completely different word. And since â€Å"causal† and â€Å"casual† are both proper words, you can’t rely on autocorrect to help you out. Luckily, then, we’re here to help out with our quick guide to how these words should be used. Causal (Related to Causation) â€Å"Causal† means â€Å"related to causation.† We use it when discussing relationships of cause and effect: Our study looks at the causal relationship between weather and mood. The key thing to remember with this word is that it’s always related to the cause of something. The â€Å"causal relationship† above, for example, refers to how weather affects how we feel. The weather today will start out gloomy, but by lunch it will be looking more upbeat. Casual (Informal or Relaxed) The word â€Å"casual† has a few different uses, but it usually refers to being informal, relaxed, or unconcerned about something. For example, we might say: To the casual observer, this wedding looked just like any other. Here, â€Å"casual observer† implies a non-expert or someone who is not paying close attention. We could also say: You can’t turn up to a wedding ceremony in casual clothes! In this case, â€Å"casual clothes† refers to jeans, trainers, or other informal clothing. If we can see your knees, youre dressed casually. A slightly different use is to mean â€Å"irregular† or â€Å"temporary,† such as when we talk about â€Å"casual work† (i.e., work without regular hours). Even this sense of â€Å"casual† draws on the idea of an informal or relaxed relationship, though, so it isn’t too far from the other uses outlined above. Causal or Casual? As you can see, â€Å"causal† and â€Å"casual† have very different uses. The good news is that this makes it easy to remember the difference. The bad news is that a minor typo could lead to a big error! The best way to avoid mistakes with these words is to proofread your work carefully. And remember: Causal = Related to causation Casual = Informal or relaxed

Importance of A Healthy Diet by Saurabh Gaur Essay

Importance of A Healthy Diet by Saurabh Gaur - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that in one instance, the author states some statistical data without acknowledging the source of the data. The failure to use, or reference, reliable and relevant sources implies that the author relied on intuition and personal knowledge to write the essay. The essay is persuasive enough to convince the reader on the importance of maintaining a healthy diet. However, the essay would have been more persuasive had the author used reliable and relevant sources to develop the thesis. The author is able to develop ethos since the essays is convincing in relationship with the thesis. In addition, the author developed pathos effectively by provoking emotions on the importance of healthy diets since the author provided the effects of the failure to observe a healthy diet. Conversely, the author developed logos effectively by presenting a few facts and statistics in the essay.

English as Second Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English as Second Language - Essay Example In the first day of class, I realized that there were 6 essays which I had to write in order to pass this class. In the second day of class, we started directly to write the first ‘in class’ essay. When I got the feedback from my professor about the first essay, I was told that I had a few weaknesses: a lot of grammar issues, no position statement, no driven thesis relevance, and weak examples. After that, we started working on the first ‘out of class’ essay. The out of class essay required 3 draft processes. I needed to bring the first draft to meet with the professor in the conference. I got feedback from my professor for my essay. My first draft also had a lot of grammar errors and other technical corrections. I was directed to structure shorter paragraphs and cite when I paraphrased. I had noticed from my professor that I had some improvement as well - I had a thesis statement in this essay and had also stated my position statement in the essay. Moreover , I had enough examples, explanations, and valid reasons to illustrate my position statement. I know that my weakness in writing is always grammar and technical errors. Therefore, I bought my first essay to the SCAA for help in grammar and technical issues. After that, I used my time to fix the papers. I learned why I went wrong in grammar structures. I looked carefully at the word forms that I chose and why these were wrong the word forms. Overall, I had come up with the third draft with the minimum of grammar issues.

Disscision questions american history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disscision questions american history - Essay Example A separate village, ten miles away, was established due to the large inflow of inhabitants in the town. The villagers were unhappy with the governance of the town and demanded independence from the town. The town authority, however, did not want to lose the fertile taxable province and resented their demand. There was revolt against the ministers appointed by the town from 1672-1688. During this time, three ministers presided over the affairs of the village. During the reign of the fourth minister, there was widespread revolt against the town’s involvement in the affairs of the village. The priests of various New England colonies began to accuse Salem of revolting against the will of God. In 1692, the first traits of witchcraft appeared against these socioeconomic uneasiness, affecting the children. The family of the minister was the first to be deceased. The difference between the town and village and their urge to gain independence were the prime factors in the spread of wit chcraft in the region. (Trask) The US economy would have crumbled if not for the efforts of visionaries like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. Hamilton arrived in the scene of American politics in its nascent stage in 1787. The previous Article was put up for discussion in 1787 by the thirteen states. Hamilton, representing New York, proposed the election of Governors and senators, which were opposed by the other members. A separate constitution was proposed with the powers being vested on executive, judicial and legal branches. Most of the states did not sign on it. At this juncture, Hamilton with James Madison and John Jay wrote 85 essays known as â€Å"The Federalist†. The essays underlined the importance of the constitution and they played an important part in achieving the support from the states. Hamilton met again in the next convention and persuaded other states to sign on

Brazil Economy Essay Example for Free

Brazil Economy Essay A New Contender in the Global Economy? Throughout the latest research, newspaper or political science journal articles Brazil has been termed â€Å"an upcoming global power† or â€Å"international player†. This being seen specifically in Brazils global economic position. Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America, the worlds seventh largest economy at market exchange rates and the seventh largest purchasing power parity, according to the international Monetarty Fund and the world bank. Brazil has a mixed economy with abundant natural resources. Brazil is rapidly becoming a large contender in the Global economy partly due to being one of the 17 mega diverse countries in the world, home to a variety of wildlife, natural environment and extensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats. O’Neil sees Brazil as a powerhouse â€Å"because of its economic strength, its hemispheric leadership and its growing strategic role through multilateral international forums† (O’Neil 2010). The economy of Brazil is the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP. Brazils economy is the largest in Latin American nations and comes in second best in the western hemisphere. With an average annual GDP growth rate over over 5 percent, Brazil comes in as one of the fastest- growing major economies in the world. In Brazilian real’s, Its GDP was estimated at R$4. 403 trillion in 2013. The Brazilian economy is predicted to become one of the five largest economies in the world in the decades to come. This is due to many factors including brazils involvement in a number of diverse economic organizations such as the mercosur, Unasul, G8+5, G20, WTO and the Cairns group. Its trade partner’s number in the hundreds, with 60 percent of exports mostly of manufactures or semi manufactures goods. Brazils main trade partners in 2008 were: Mercosul and Latin America (25. 9 percent of trade), EU (23. 4 percent), Asia (18. 9 percent), the United States (14. 0 percent), and the others (17. 8 percent). â€Å"Brazils economy has yet again become an object of fascination and speculation for international investors, academics, pundits and policymakers in the United States and Europe. As a country replete with natural resources, endowed with a large internal market and home to dynamic and increasingly global corporations, Brazil has been famously anoints as a ‘BRIS’- thus identified along with Russia, India and China as one of the four very large, rapidly emerging economies that are key growth engines of the global economy. † (Brainard 2009) Brazil is the largest economy of Latin America and its trade with the EU accounts for 37% of the EUs total trade with the Latin American region (2011). As regards investments, Brazil holds 43% of the entire EU Investment stocks in Latin America. The EU is Brazils first trading partner, accounting for 21. 7% of its total trade (2010). During the last 5 years bilateral trade between the EU and Brazil has grown on average by 8. 4% per year, showing the dynamism and complementarity of our trade relationship. EU imports from Brazil are dominated by primary products, in particular agricultural products (41%) and fuels and mining products (31%). But manufactured products such as machinery, transport equipment and miscellaneous manufactured products are also important: they represent around one fourth of Brazilian exports to the EU. Brazil is the single biggest exporter of agricultural products to the EU. EUs exports to Brazil consist mainly of manufactured products, such as machinery, transport equipment and chemicals. In goods, the EU runs an overall trade deficit with Brazil but has a surplus in commercial services trade. The EU is the biggest foreign investor in Brazil with investments in many sectors of the Brazilian economy. Around 50% of the  FDI  flows received by Brazil during the last 5 years was originating from the EU. Dilma Vana Rousseff  Ã‚  born 14 December 1947) is a  Brazilian  politician  who has been the  President of Brazil  since 1 January 2011. She is the first woman to hold the office. In October 2010, Rousseff was included in the  Forbes  list of the most powerful people in the world, at the 16th position. Rousseff powerful leadership has continued to keep Brazil a strong contender in the global economy since her election in 2011. â€Å"And perhaps most impressive, she has maintained a remarkable approval rating even with a three percent drop in economic growth.† (Freeman, 2012) It can be seen that Petrobras discovery of the lula oil field in 2006 was the concrete set up for Brazils global economic uprise. The  Lula oil field  (formerly  Tupi oil field) is a large oil field located in the  Santos Basin, 250 kilometres off the coast of  Rio de Janeiro,Brazil The field was nicknamed in honor of the  Tupi people  and later named after former Brazilian p resident  Luiz Inacio da Silva. It is considered to be the  Western Hemispheres largest oil discovery of the last 30 years. â€Å"BRAZIL’S discovery of oodles of offshore oil in 2006 felt like a transformative moment. † (Paulo 2012) The Lula field was discovered in October 2006 by Petrobras, with the well flowing 4,900 barrels per day of sweet 30 degrees API crude oil, 0. 7 sulphur content and 4. 3  million cubic feet per day (120,000 cubic metres per day) of gas from a deep sub-salt reservoir on a  16  mm choke. The former president of Brazil,  Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva  called the field second independence for Brazil. The field was originally named Tupi but in 2010 it was renamed Lula. The name Lula means a mollusc in Portuguese but also refers to Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The upper estimate of 8  billion barrels (1. 3 billion cubic metres) of recoverable oil would be enough to meet the total global demand for crude oil for about three months at the 2008 global extraction rate of around 85 million barrels per day. In January 2008 Petrobras announced the discovery of the  Jupiter field, a huge  natural gas  andcondensate  field which could equal the Lula oil field in size. It lies 37 kilometres east of Lula. Block BM-S-11, which contains the Lula field, is operated by  Petrobras  with a 65% controlling stake while  BG Group  holds 25% and  Galp Energia  has the remaining 10% interest. According to Bear Stearns  estimates, the value of the oil in the block ranges from $25 billion to $60 billion. BM-S-11 also includes  Tupi Sul,  Iara  and  Iracema  fields. REFERENCE LIST Brainard, L, 2009. Brazil as an economic superpower. 1st ed. Washington DC: The Brookings institution. Medeiros, V, 2010. Interview: Jim ONeil. Interview: Jim ONeil, 62, 1-4. Roett, R, 2010. New Brazil.1st ed. Washington DC: The Brookings institution. Hay, D. A, 2001. The Post-1990 Brazilian Trade Liberalisation and the Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms. The Post-1990 Brazilian Trade Liberalisation and the Performance of Large Manufacturing Firms: Productivity, Market Share and Profits, 111, 620-641. Freeman, M, 2012. Brazil Pres. Dilma Rousseff a Model of Leadership U. S. Politicians Should Follow. Brazil Pres. Dilma Rousseff a Model of Leadership U. S. Politicians Should Follow, 1, 1. Paulo, S, 2012. Oil in Brazil. The perils of Petrobras, 1, 1.

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense Essay -- English L

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense In Their Short Stories? Common themes in the stories of the nineteenth century are horror, mystery and the unexplained. This is because in the Victorian times, people were concerned with problems such as superstition and witchcraft. Common features of Victorian short stories are paranoid characters. The stories ‘The Withered Arm’, ‘The Red Room’ and ‘The Signalman’ teach a modern audience the results and consequences of superstition and paranoia. The Withered Arm was written by Thomas Hardy. It is about a woman who is trying to bring up her illegitimate son while she tries to overcome her jealousy as her sons father brings home his new beautiful wife. The main message that Thomas Hardy is trying to get across to the reader is that you should be careful what you wish for as it may come true. Also that what goes around comes around. The main character in this story is Rhoda Brook, the mother of farmer Lodges son. In the story she is described as ‘a thin fading woman of thirty’ this shows that she is slowly wasting away. Rhoda Brooks is a mysterious character because the reader doesn’t know whether Rhoda is a witch or not, Thomas Hardy doesn’t reveal this fact because it makes the story mysterious and leaves the reader wondering. Another reason why Rhoda is mysterious is because of relationship with farmer Lodge and their baby together. Rhoda is also mysterious because she was once beautiful ‘The radiance lit her pale check, and made her dark eyes, that had once been handsome, seem handsome anew.’ The Red Room was written by H.G Wells the story is about a man who is trying to find out whether a room in the Lorraine castle is haunted or not. The mess... ...on, pathetic fallacy and has more descriptions in it. Also because it enables the reader to visualise the settings better. I think that the setting in The Signalman represent loneliness. The setting in The Red Room represents paranoia and terror and the setting in The Withered Arm represent fear and superstition. Therefore, Victorian writers successfully created mysterious short stories through using chapters, less characters and detailed setting. The most effective story is The Withered Arm this is because it has the most imaginative and interesting story line. Also because Thomas Hardy doesn’t reveal everything to the reader as it lets them debate over whether Rhoda is a witch or not. It shows a modern audience the effects and consequences of superstition. The moral or message of the story may have been be careful what you wish for as it may come true.