Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Rickets

Arthritis, Osteoporosis and RicketsDiscuss three diseases/disorders of the inning including in the discussion intellects, symptoms and treat handst.The three diseases you need to discuss argon Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Rickets. enduring 1A sixty five division old women presents with a fractured rib after minor accident. History includes the patient is inactive with a poor diet.OsteoporosisOsteoporosis is a condition in which causes the grind away to compose weak, allowing them disposed to breaking. This condition potty bring forth over the years, however it is only treated when a minor fall or sudden impact on the cram to cause the bone to become fractured.CausesOsteoporosis occurs as bones become less dense and more fragile. Bone density, strength and thickness is on the increase until the get on withs of late 20s as youre your bone density will hence begin to gradually decrease in your 30s.Women argon more at risk of exposure of developing osteoporosis than men as th e changes in hormone that appears in menopause directly affect the density of the bones. Oestrogen is an essential hormone for wellnessy bones and after menopause takes set, oestrogen levels fall. Due to the riotous decrease of oestrogen, it back tooth cause a rapid decrease in bone density. Women perk up a greater chance of developing osteoporosis if they atomic number 18 experiencing menopause before the age of forty five years old, or prevail undergone a hysterectomy before age of 45 and have had their ovaries removed, or have over exercised or dieted too much causation them to have absent periods.Osteoporosis withal affect men, however the causes is not know. Due to men having the testosterone hormone, the numbers suffering from osteoporosis compared to women suffers are a lot less, as testosterone helps give the bones healthy. As the level of testosterone decreases with age, the more likely it is for men to develop osteoporosis.The causes of low testosterone level is n ot evidently known, however the causes that are known includes the use of medications such as oral corticosteroid, alcohol abuse/ sophisticate and hypogonadism. Hypogonadism is a condition which causes the testosterone level to be ab commonplacely lowThe risk factors which are hormone related that tin contribute to the onset of osteoporosis includes, a soulfulness to have overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism), a disorders of the adrenal glands, start out levels of sex hormone or over active parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism) separate risk factors that contributes are family history, a BMI of 19 or less, long border high doses of oral corticosteroid, eating disorder or rheumatoid arthritis.SymptomsThe are no signs in the early stages of bone loss or alter of bones. When osteoporosis have weaken your bones you may experience back chafe caused by a fracture or collapsed vertebra, gradually loss of height, a bone fracture, or a stooped posture. interposition The diagnosis of osteop orosis is compulsive by the results of the carriers bone mineral density scan. If handling is required, it is based on the persons age, sex, risk of fracture and also the previous injury history.It is important to nurse a sufficient level of calcium and vitamin D if no treatment is wanted or needed.Patient 2A three year old child with a fracture to the femur. Other symptoms indicate distorted legs (bowed) and shorter than average for age. History confirms the child was breastfed with no appends.RicketsRickets causes the bones in children to become cushiony and weak, passing to bone deformities.CausesThe under pose causes of rickets stems from lack of vitamin D or calcium, however rickets can also be caused through genetic defects or another health condition. Vitamin D and calcium are both vital sources in a child development in strong and healthy bones.Sources of Vitamin D is sunlight, as the pare produces vitamin D when it is exposed to sunlight.Food, as vitamin D can be f ound in oily fish, eggs and certain breakfast cereals and also dietary supplementsCalcium can be found in dairy products such as eggs, cheese, milk, yogurt and also green vegetables.Children that are at risk are those of Asian, Caribbean, African and middle eastern origins, as their skin is darker and requires more sunlight to receive sufficient vitamin D. Also babies born untimely are at risk of developing rickets as they have build up stores of vitamin D in the womb. Babies from birth to 1 year, exclusively or partially breastfed, should be given a daily supplement containing 8.5 to 10mcg of vitamin D to ensure the get enough, as babies that are breastfed past the age of 6 months may be at risk of vitamin D deficiency.Symptoms A child may experience pain and soreness affecting the bone. They may also experience skeletal deformities which could cause thickening of the ankles, wrist, knees and cause a bowed leg. The child may also experience delayed ontogenesis and development as they could be shorter than the average child their age. A worry with dental may arise as the tooth enamel is weakened causing delays in teeth growth and risk of tooth decays. Their bones will be more prone to fractures as the have come to be fragile. preachingAs the rickets are caused by low level of vitamin D and calcium, it is treated by increasing the childs intake of vitamin D and calcium. This can be increased by eating more food rich in these sources or taking daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D.Patient 3A fifty year old man presents with trouble walking payable to a sensitive knee stick. Other symptoms include swelling, redness and passionateness to the knee. Patient also has a history of painful joints and has a soundbox mass index of 32.Arthritis Arthritis is a condition which causes the joint to become painful and inflamed. Inbetween joints, in that respect is a flexible connective tissue called cartilage. Cartilage protects the joint by absorbing the pressur e and shock created when you move and release filter out on them. When the cartilage tissue this can cause some forms of arthritis. on that point are 2 most common forms of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.CausesOsteoarthritis, is caused by normal wear and tear. A injury or infection to the joints can cause the natural breakdown of the cartilage tissue. If you have a family history of Osteoarthritis, there maybe a higher chance of having osteoarthritis.Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by an autoimmune disorder. This happens when the bodys immune system attacks the tissues of the body. The synovium is attacked by the immune system. The synovium is the soft tissue in your joints that produces a fluid that nourishes that cartilage and lubricates the joints. Rheumatoid can potentially destroy the bone and the joint.Symptoms of osteoarthritisThe symptoms of osteoarthritis may lead a person to experience joint pains, as well as stiffness, swelling, reduced motion and redn ess of skin around the joint.Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are tiredness, loss of appetite, slight fever. Sufferers may potentially become anemic. A person with severe rheumatoid arthritis may experience joint deformities if it is left untreated.Treatment There is no cure for arthritis, however there are treatments that can slow down the condition.Osteoarthritis, prescribed medicationPainkillersNon-steroidal anti inflammatory drugsCorticosteroidsFor severe cases, surgical procedures maybe recommendedJoint replacementJoint fuseWhere bone is cut and re-alignmentTreatment for rheumatoid arthritis includesPainkillers (analgesics)Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)Physiotherapy mend exerciseReferencesAnon, (2017). online Available at http//www.arthritis.org/types-what-is-rheumatoid-arthritis.php Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Nhs.uk. (2017). Search results. online Available at http//www.nhs.uk/Search/?q=osteoporosis Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Nhs.uk. (2017). Search results. online Availabl e at http//www.nhs.uk/Search/?q=rickets Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.Mayo Clinic. (2017). Overview Mayo Clinic. online Available at http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/home/ovc-20197388 Accessed 5 Jan. 2017.